养老保险制度对老年人健康的影响:来自中国城镇居民的证据

The Impact of the Pension Insurance System on Health:Evidence from the Urban Residents in China

使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年的数据分析不同养老保险制度对老年人健康的影响。研究结果发现不同养老保险制度对老年人的自评健康和精神健康有显著影响,对老年人身体健康的影响不显著。参加机关事业单位养老保险和城镇企业职工养老保险的老年人比参加城镇居民养老保险的老年人有更高的自评健康和更低的抑郁倾向。养老保险制度通过医疗服务、社会交往和市场劳动影响老年人健康。参加机关事业单位养老保险和城镇企业职工养老保险的老年人比参加城镇居民养老保险的老年人使用更多的医疗服务项目、有更高的社会交往次数和更少的劳动参与时间进而有更好的自评健康。

This paper uses the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to analyze the impact of pension insurance systems on the health of the elderly.The results show that different pension insurance systems have a significant impact on the self-rated health of the elderly,a significant impact on the elderly’s mental health,and an insignificant impact on the elderly’s physical health.Compared with the elderly who participated in the pension insurance for urban residents,the pension insurance for government agencies and institutions and the pension insurance for urban enterprise employees have higher self-rated health and lower tendency to depression.The pension insurance system affects the elderly’s health through medical services,social communication and market labor.Compared with participating in the pension insurance for urban residents,the elderly who participate in the pension insurance of government agencies and institutions and the pension insurance of urban enterprise employees use more medical service items,higher social interactions and less labor participation time,and thus have better self-rated health.