航天器在轨延寿服务发展现状与展望

Development and Prospect of Spacecraft On-orbit Life Extension Servicing

航天器延寿服务主要针对寿命末期的在轨航天器,通过采取接管延寿、推进剂在轨加注、故障在轨维修等方式,延长航天器在轨服役时间,进一步提升其在轨应用效能,为用户创造更多价值。文章在对航天器延寿服务需求分析的基础上,调研了近年来国外具有代表性的航天器延寿服务项目,例如轨道快车、任务延寿飞行器、复原-L项目、凤凰计划;分析了延寿服务技术面向实用、突破技术、统筹规划的发展趋势;结合我国空间技术发展实际,提出了加强航天器在轨延寿服务体系研究、加快技术攻关与成果转化、开展前沿技术探索的建议。

Tailored for end-of-life on-orbit spacecraft,life extension servicing is carried out by means of takeover control,propellant on-orbit refueling,and on-orbit fault maintaining.With this service,on-orbit work time of spacecraft is extended,and higher on-orbit efficiency and value can also be achieved.Based on requirements analysis for life extension servicing,the representative projects that have been conducted worldwide in recent years are investigated,for instance,the Orbit Express,MEV(Mission Extensive Vehicle),Restore-L,and Phoenix.Then,the development trends in terms of practicality,technological breakthrough,and overall planning are analyzed.In consideration of current space technologies competence in China,some recommendations are made on the following aspects:extensive research on spacecraft on-orbit life extensive servicing system,the acceleration of technological breakthrough and transformation of achievements,and the exploration of cutting-edge technologies.