酸性矿井水中微生物群落探讨及其在生物修复的应用分析

Discussion on the microbial communities in acid mine drainageand their application to bioremediation

针对酸性矿井水治理难题,分析了酸性矿井水的形成机制,探讨了酸性矿井水中原核生物和真核生物种类及作用,总结了微生物修复技术的应用实例。分析表明:以微生物主导的生物氧化作用是加速酸性矿井水氧化的主要原因;古细菌、细菌等原核生物对水中矿物元素进行氧化作用,部分原生动物、藻类和真菌等真核生物能减缓水质污染;充分利用微生物的生理代谢作用可强化修复效果,结合源头控制与末端治理的生物修复技术是未来研究的重要方向。

In view of the difficulties of treating acid mine drainage(AMD),the formation mechanism of AMD was introduced.The species and functions of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in AMD were discussed,and the application examples of microbial remediation technology were summarized.The analysis showed that biological oxidation dominated by microorganisms was the main reason for accelerated oxidation of AMD.Prokaryotes such as archaea and bacteria oxidized mineral elements in mine water,and some eukaryotes such as protozoa,algae and fungi could slow down the pollution in AMD.Making full use of the physiological metabolism of microorganisms could strengthen the repair effect.Bioremediation technology combined with source control and end treatment was an important direction of future research.