医疗文化视野下的萍乡上栗药签

Study on Medicinal Signs from Shangli of Pingxiang under Perspectives of Medical Culture

药签是道教签占活动与医药结合的民间信仰疗法,至迟在南宋行世。从组方和药物、剂量使用等方面对江西萍乡上栗石洞口傩庙药签100签方进行考察,发现上栗药签源于原始的傩仪驱疫,其与原始的巫祝医学、儒、道、释文化和宗教有着密切的关系,具有药味名称和表述不标准、计量单位不统一、本土方药和验方使用较多、民间信仰特征明显和注重生活经验与安全性等特点,因社会伦理和文化传承需要得以留存,对医学的科学与迷信之争,医疗模式的创新与改革,民间信仰疗法和文化人类学、民族学、宗教学、民俗学、艺术学等领域的研究和探讨提供了丰富的一手材料。

Medicinal sign is a folk faith healing combining divination activities of Taoism with medical practice,which became popular as late as in the Southern Song dynasty.In the investigation of prescription,medicines and dosage of 100 medicinal signs from Nuo Temple at Shidongkou from Shangli of Pingxiang,Jiangxi province,the authors found they originated from the primary Nuo rituals to expel epidemics,shared a close bond with the primitive witch-prayingmedicine,Confucian,Taoism and Buddhism cultures,and various religions,and possessed the characteristics of nonstandard name and expression of medicines,non-uniformed units in measurement,preferable use of local and experienced prescriptions,distinct properties of folk beliefs and focused life experience and safety of medicine.These signs are preserved mainly due to the needs of social ethics and cultural inheritance,thus providing rich first-hand materials for the debate between science and superstition of medicine,the innovation and reform of medical models,and for the research and exploration on the folk faith healing and the fields such as cultural anthropology,ethnology,religion,folklore and art.