抗日战争时期国民政府中医政策及其社会争议考察

Investigation on the National Government’s Policy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Social Disputes During the Anti-Japanese War

抗日战争时期,南京国民政府曾推行扶持中医的政策,史无前例颁行了20余项与中医有关的法规,明确了中医的法律地位,为团结中医师参加抗战提供了一定保障,但也引起了一些争议。中医界对有关中医行政管理权归属问题、中医法律地位和中西医平等地位问题以及战时中医师审查、检核困难等问题提出了诸多批评和建议。这些批评和建议有的被采纳,有的被修正后重新颁行,与战时条件下号召利用中医药优势支援抗战的社会氛围密切相关。但这一过程也在一定程度遭到了西医界或明或暗的抵制,这是由双方在卫生界长期形成的实际地位决定的。

During the Anti-Japanese War,the Nanjing National government implemented a policy to support Chinese medicine,enacting more than 20 relevant regulations unprecedentedly,which clarified the legal status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and provided a certain guarantee for uniting TCM doctors to contribute to the Anti-Japanese War.But these regulations have also caused some controversy.The TCM professionals put forward many criticisms and suggestions as to the attribution of administrative authority of Chinese medicine,legal status of TCM and its equal status with Western medicine as well as difficulties in reviewing and verifying TCM practitioners during the war.Some of these regulations were adopted and some were revised and reissued,closely related to the social atmosphere of calling for the use of the advantages of Chinese medicine to support domestic resistance against aggression.However,to some extent,the process has been resisted by the western medicine community,either explicitly or implicitly,determined by the long-term actual status of both sides under the national healthcare system.