中日建筑自然防排烟技术标准对比研究

Comparative Study on Technical Standards of Natural Smoke Management in Buildings between China and Japan

本文从自然防烟与自然排烟两大方面对中日两国建筑防排烟系统技术标准进行了宏观法规与微观条文的对比分析。结果表明:在自然防烟方面,相较于日本主要重视前室区域,我国同时兼顾了疏散楼梯间和避难层,确保所有防烟场所均具备无烟无热的安全条件及人员避难逃生的新风需求。在自然排烟方面,相较于日本主要看重防排烟系统形式,场所面积大小以及排烟窗实际操作的便利性,我国则从整体上更综合考虑排烟场所类型、净高、喷淋等因素对排烟窗面积的影响,且排烟窗面积与开窗角度要求也更为严格。两国技术标准联系密切但各有特点,均符合各自国情,可进一步互相补充完善。

This paper makes a comparative analysis of regulations and provisions on the technical standards of smoke management systems in buildings between China and Japan.The results show that:in terms of natural smoke prevention,compared with Japan,which mainly focuses on the anteroom,China also takes into account the evacuation stairwell and the refuge area to ensure that all smoke-proof places have smoke-free and heat-free safety conditions and fresh air for people to escape.In terms of natural smoke exhaust,compared with Japan,which mainly focuses on the form of the smoke management system,the size of the site and the convenience of the actual operation of the smoke exhaust window,China comprehensively considers the type of smoke exhaust site,clear height,spray,etc.as the factors influenced on the area of the smoke exhaust window,and the requirements for the area of the smoke exhaust window and the opening angle of the window are also more strictly.The technical standards of the two countries are closely related,but each has its own characteristics.Both are in line with their respective national conditions and can be further complemented and improved for each other.