湖南熊峰山国家森林公园植物多样性与林分空间结构特征分析

Plant diversity analysis and spatial structure characteristics of Xiongfeng Mountain National Forest Park in Hunan Province

通过对湖南熊峰山国家森林公园11个典型树种模式样方进行野外调查,运用重要值、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Pielou均匀度指数等植物多样性指数和混交度、大小比数、开敞度等林分空间结构参数,分析其植物多样性与空间结构特征。结果表明:调查区植物较丰富,样地内共出现71种植物,其中乔木植物24种、灌木植物20种、草本植物27种;乔木层中的杉木、樟树、枫香、木荷在调查区占有明显优势,其重要值大于8%。各林层植物的Margalef丰富度指数排序为乔木层﹥灌木层﹥草本层,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Pielou均匀度指数排序均为灌木层﹥乔木层﹥草本层,Simpson优势度指数排序为草本层﹥灌木层﹥乔木层。样地林分平均混交度为0.375 2,属弱度-中度混交范围,样地林分平均大小比数为0.528 8,属中庸等级,样地林分的平均开敞度为0.240 2,林木生长空间处于不足状态。总体上熊峰山国家森林公园的植物多样性较丰富,但林木生长空间处于不足状态,应采取间伐、补植相结合的措施,营造异龄复层混交林模式,进行森林质量精准提升,使林分生态效益得到可持续发展。研究结果为森林公园的林分提质改造及多功能经营提供理论依据。

11 typical sample plots of Xiongfeng Mountain National Forest Park were investigated in the field.The plant diversity and spatial structure characteristics were analyzed by using the diversity indexes such as importance value,Margalef index,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index,and stand spatial structure parameters such as mingling,size ratio and opening degree.The investigated area was rich in plants,and there were 71 species of plants in the sample plot,including 24 species of arbor plants,20 species of shrub plants and 27 species of herb plants.Cunninghamia lanceolata,Cinnamomum camphora,Liquidambar formosana,Schima superba in the arbor layer had obvious advantages in the whole investigation area,and the important value was higher than 8%.The Margalef index of plant richness in each forest layer was ranked as tree layer>shrub layer>herb layer.The Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and Pielou index of evenness were ranked as shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer.The Simpson index of dominance was ranked as herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer.The average mingling of the forest study in plots was 0.3752,which belonging to the range of weak-moderate mixing.The average size ratio of the forest study in plots was 0.5288,which belonging to the moderate level.The average openness of forest study in plots was 0.2402,and the growth space of trees was insufficient.On the whole,the plant diversity of Xiongfeng Mountain National Forest Park was abundant,the growth space of forest trees was insufficient.The combination of thinning and supplementary planting should be adopted to create a multi-layer mixed forest model of different ages,improve the forest quality accurately,and make the ecological benefits of forest stand sustainable development.The results provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of forest quality and multi-functional management of the forest park.