基于全球黑帐篷体系背景下的藏族黑帐篷建筑起源探析

The Origin of the Tibetan Black Tent Architecture Based on the Global Black Tent System

被亚非游牧民族所广泛采用的黑帐篷是全球游牧文化最具象征性的物质性遗产代表之一。文章从构造及空间意义两个层面介绍了全球黑帐篷承传应用背景,并对其四个亚型作归纳与对比分析。基于此背景及在回溯前人相关研究的基础上,根据藏族黑帐篷与西方黑帐篷所表现出的建筑底层架构一致性得出两者属于同一文化现象的结论。通过文献及考古资料推测,藏族黑帐篷最早不是起源于就地使用树枝和兽皮做简单的掩盖,而是自西亚地区传播而来;并对传播路线做了初步的推测。

The black tent,which is widely used by Asian and African nomads,is one of the most symbolic representatives of global nomadic culture.This paper introduces the background of the global black tent system from the construction and spatial meaning,and summarizes and compares the four sub-types.Under this background and based on the related previous research,according to the consistency of the architectural underlying logic between the Tibetan black tents and others,it concludes that they belong to the same architectural culture.Anchored in literature and archaeological data,this paper judges that the Tibetan black tents did not originate from simple cover by using branches and animal skins,but most likely was spread from West Asia,and makes preliminary speculations about the route of transmission.