广西林溪河流域侗族正方“回”形环柱鼓楼墨师文探究

The Research on a Character System of the Dong Ethnic Group’s Squared Dual-ring Pillars Drum Tower in Guangxi Linxi River Drainage Basin

基于对广西三江林溪河流域侗族正方“回”形环柱鼓楼的实证研究,对照分析墨师文包含的常用字符和符号及其书写、标记的规则,明确了墨师文是因应实尺营造的需求而形成的由构件分类术语、空间定位方法,以及详尽的构件实寸和构造作法标识组成的完备系统。文章将其与贵州黎平“变角鼓楼”墨师文进行比较,剖析了侗族掌墨师以标准榀架逻辑为建构基础,在不依赖图样的情况下,获取、记录弹性尺寸与作法信息,完成墨师文标记、指导构件制作与装配的营造过程,论证了墨师文是侗族木构建筑营造技艺的核心技术要素。

This case study on the general squared dual-ring pillars drum tower in Linxi river drainage was based on the empirical research of this area.The characters and symbols using by Dong carpenters are not only the complete terms of elements and space positioning method,but also the real scale measurements and constitution methods of the elements in detail,and the role of writing and marking on the components and bamboo sticks as well.Furthermore,it points out the difference of the characters between squared dual-ring pillars drum tower and variable angle drum tower in Liping county,Guizhou.The system of the characters is not only the key of the tectonic based on the standard frame logic to obtain and record the flexible dimension and constitution information,and to guide making elements and assembling frames,but also the core of the techniques of timber frame construction of Dong.