晚唐宋初宕摄合口三等字的洪音化

The Hekou Words of Grade-3 of Dang Rhyme Groups Being Big-apertured in the Late Tang and Early Song Dynasty

宕摄合口三等字的洪音化是近代语音史上的重要音变,元代以前反映这一音变的材料很少,鲜有学者讨论。笔者在《碛砂藏》随函音义中发现了大量音变证据,根据混切和系联,足以说明宕摄合口三等字已经完成洪音化进程,这反映的是宋初通语的演变状态。该音变已被《集韵》作为语音依据,应用于异体字的整理实践。音变原因是,i介音被音节中发音部位靠后的其他音素排斥丢失所致(iu→u/G_aη)。中唐-五代-宋初三个时段的佛典音义对恍字注音显著不同,推知该音变在晚唐五代发生并发展,宋初完成。这一结论可与现代南方方言及当前研究对其所作的断代相印证。

It is an important sound change that the hekou(合口)words of grade-3 of Dang(岩)rhyme groups became big-apertured in Modern Chinese phonetic history This has been rarely discussed,because the materials reflecting the sound change were very few before Yuan Dynasty.A great deal of evidence of phonetic change was found in Suihan Yinyi(随函音义)of Qishazang(碛砂藏).The course of being bigapertured has finished,which is proved from such two aspects as Hunqie(混切)and Xilian(系联).This reflects the state of Tongyu(通语)evolution in the early years of the Song Dynasty.This sound change has been used asa basis for finishing variant charactersof Jiyun(《集韵》).Thereasonliesinthemedial/i/lossasa result of its being rejected by other phonemes at the back of the syllable(iu→u/G_AN).The phonetic notation of Huang(悦)issignificantly differentintheBuddhistscriptures Yinyi(音义)of the three periods of Middle Tang,Five Dynasties and Early Song.It can be inferred from the phonetic notation that the sound change occurred and developed in the late Tang and Five Dynasties,and was completed in the early Song Dynasty.This conclusion conforms to modern southern dialects and their periodization suggested by current researches.