2020年内蒙古自治区学生近视流行现状及相关影响因素分析

Analysis on prevalence of myopia and its related influencing factors among students in Inner Mongolia, 2020

目的 分析2020年内蒙古自治区学生近视情况,为制定学生近视防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 选取2020年全区幼儿园到高中学段学生145 393人,使用5米标准对数视力表进行视力检查,并用台式电脑验光仪对学生眼睛进行屈光度检测。使用Logistic回归对学生近视的相关因素进行多元分析。结果 幼儿园学生近视率为15.33%,小学生近视率为42.51%,初中生近视率为74.51%,高中生近视率为83.60%,职高学生近视率为74.47%。城区学生近视率高于旗县区学生近视率。随着学生年级升高,近视率呈现逐步上升的趋势,且中度近视、重度近视学生所占比例逐步升高。2020年各盟市学生近视检出率为49.63%~64.98%。检出率最低的前3盟市为兴安盟(49.63%)、通辽市(53.88%)和阿拉善盟(54.49%)。Logistic回归分析显示:女生近视率高于男生,OR值为1.68(95%CI:1.53~1.62)。经常躺着或者趴着看书、每日吃甜食1次以上、每天不吃早餐、每周上体育课次数不足2次、经常感觉到忧愁、经常吸烟都是近视的危险性因素;经常根据自身身高调整课桌椅高度为近视的保护性因素,OR值为0.88(95%CI:0.82~0.96)。结论 整体上近视率随年龄增长呈现大幅上涨趋势,女生近视率普遍高于男生,城区学生近视率普遍高于旗县区学生近视率,且近视率受心理、生活方式等多种影响因素影响。

Objective To analyze the situation of myopia among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020,and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies and measures for myopia among students. Methods A total of 145 393 students from kindergarten to senior middle school in 2020 were selected. Visual acuity examination was performed using 5-meter standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and dioptometry was performed on students′ eyes using desktop computer optometer. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to myopia. Results The myopia rate of kindergarten students was 15.33%,42.51% in primary school students, 74.51% in middle school students, 83.60% in high school students, and 74.47% in vocational high school students. The myopia rate of urban students was higher than that of Qi county students. With the increase of grade, the myopia rate showed a trend of gradual increase, and the proportion of moderate myopia and severe myopia gradually increased. In 2020,the detection rate of myopia among students in various cities was 49.63%-64.98%. The first three league cities with the lowest detection rate were Xingunita(49.63%),Tongliao(53.88%) and Alxa league(54.49%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the myopia rate of female students was higher than that of male students, with an OR value of 1.68(95%CI:1.53-1.62). Reading book with lying or lying down usually, eating sweets 1 or more times per day, not eating breakfast every day, attending gym class number less than two times a week, often feeling sorrow, and often smoking were risk factors of myopia. Adjusting the height of desks was protective factors for myopia, OR value was 0.88(95%CI:0.82-0.96). Conclusion As a whole, the myopia rate increases with age, female students higher than that of male students, urban students higher than that of Qi county students, and the myopia rate is affected by psychological, lifestyle and other factors.