命门学说的医学人文解读与反思

Medical humanistic interpretation and reflection of Mingmen theory

宋代以后中医学的发展呈现出明显的儒学化倾向,明代医家参照和比附当时社会流行的宋明理学思想,对《黄帝内经》《难经》的命门以及肾间动气等相关表述加以发挥和融通,建构了肾间命门说。但是,肾间命门说建构的初衷是为了实现对中医学理论的儒学化改造,而并非是应对现实医疗实践的迫切需要。所以,肾间命门学说从形式上看有理论的“创新”,但实际上未曾带来中医临证辨治体系实质性的突破和发展,不少清代医家便已对其有所批判。

After the Song dynasty,the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)showed an obvious tendency of Confucianism.Referring to and comparing the popular Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties at that time,the doctors of the Ming dynasty gave full play to and integrated the relevant expressions such as the Mingmen and the qi between the kidneys in the Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing,and constructed the theory of Mingmen between the kidneys.However,the original intention of the construction of the theory of Mingmen between the kidneys is to realize the Confucian transformation of medical theory,not to meet the urgent needs of practical medical practice.Therefore,the theory of Mingmen between the kidneys has theoretical innovation in form,but it has not brought substantive breakthrough and development to the clinical development of TCM.In fact,many doctors in the Qing dynasty have criticized it.