前列腺穿刺活检技术的演变过程

Evolution of prostate biopsy technology

前列腺穿刺活检(prostate biopsy)是诊断前列腺癌的“金标准”。临床中曾常用前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)升高或直肠指检(digital rectal examination,DRE)异常作为是否行经直肠彩超引导前列腺穿刺(transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy,TRUS-GB)的标准,但可能导致低级别和临床无意义肿瘤的过度诊治,给病人带来了生理、心理及经济压力。当今前列腺穿刺活检的方案较多,但现阶段尚未形成一种标准的前列腺穿刺术式。本文回顾了前列腺活检技术从最原始的手指引导穿刺到最新的图像融合靶向穿刺的大致演变过程。

Prostate biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer.In clinical practice,elevated prostate specific antigen(PSA)or abnormal digital rectal examination(DRE)have been used as the criteria for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy(TRUS-GB),but may lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-grade and clinically insignificant tumors,which brings physical,psychological and economic pressure to patients.Today there are many options for prostate biopsy,but a standard of prostate biopsy has not yet been established.This article reviews the general evolution of prostate biopsy technology from the most primitive finger-guided aspiration to the latest image fusion-targeted aspiration.