知觉压力影响青少年心理健康问题的路径分析

Path analysis of perceived stress affecting mental health problems in adolescents

目的探讨知觉压力影响青少年心理健康问题的心理机制,考察失眠严重程度和生活满意度的中介作用。方法2021年5—6月,采用方便抽样法对重庆市3所中学2045名青少年进行问卷调查。评估工具包括知觉压力量表(PSS)、生活满意度量表(SWLS)、失眠严重程度量表(ISI)和中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60)。结果知觉压力与生活满意度呈负相关(r=-0.51,P<0.01),与失眠严重程度、心理健康问题呈正相关(r=0.40、0.60,P<0.01);生活满意度与失眠严重程度、心理健康问题呈负相关(r=-0.36、-0.51,P<0.01);失眠严重程度与心理健康问题呈正相关(r=0.60,P<0.01)。知觉压力影响心理健康问题主要通过3条路径,生活满意度的简单中介效应占总效应量的16.90%;失眠严重程度的简单中介效应占总效应量的19.44%;生活满意度和失眠严重程度的链式中介作用,中介效应占总效应量的6.67%。结论知觉压力不仅可以直接影响青少年心理健康问题,也可以通过生活满意度和失眠严重程度的间接作用影响心理健康问题。

Objective To explore the psychological mechanism of perceived stress on mental health problems in adolescents,and investigate the mediating role of insomnia severity and life satisfaction.Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct the questionnaire survey on 2045 adolescents from three middle schools in Chongqing from May to June 2021.The evaluation tools included the Perceived Stress Scale(PSS),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)and Mental Health Inventroy of Middle-school students(MMHI-60).Results Perceived stress was negatively correlated with life satisfaction(r=-0.51,P<0.01),and positively correlated with insomnia severity and mental health problems(r=0.40,0.60,P<0.01);life satisfaction was negatively correlated with insomnia severity and mental health problems(r=-0.36,-0.51,P<0.01);insomnia severity was positively correlated with the mental health problems(r=0.60,P<0.01);perceived stress affected the mental health problems mainly through three paths,the simple mediating effect of life satisfaction accounted for 16.90%of the total effect amount;the simple mediating effect of insomnia severity accounted for 19.44%of the total effect amount;in the chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and insomnia severity,the mediate effect accounted for 6.67%of the total effect amount.Conclusion Perceived stress can not only directly affects the mental health problems in adolescents,but also affects the mental health problem through the indirect effects of life satisfaction and insomnia severity.