国际地理信息跨境流动政策及借鉴研究

Study on the International Geographic Information Cross-border Flow Policies and Its Enlightenment to China

地理信息是当前国际数据跨境流动治理的焦点,事关国家主权、安全和利益。本文运用文献归纳法,对当前世界部分国家(美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、印度、韩国、日本)地理信息跨境流动法规政策现状进行系统调查,通过对各国地理信息跨境流动对比分析,提出构建我国地理信息跨境流动管理体系的相关建议。分析结果表明,各国高度控制包括个人数据在内的地理信息跨境流动,并普遍采取分类分级管理模式,但政策出发点、实施机制和重要数据划定范围存在差异。结合现状和国际相关实践经验,我国应建立分类分级管理制度,加强地理信息领域重要数据的跨境评估、监测和执法。

Currently,geographic information is the focus of international data flow,which concerns national sovereignty and security interests.This paper systematically investigated the laws and policies of some countries(the United States,the European Union,Russia,India,South Korea and Japan)on the cross-border flow of geographic information by literature review.Based on the comparative analysis in various countries,this paper put forward some suggestions for improving the policy framework of China’s cross-border flow of geographic information.The results showed that the cross-border flow of geographic information(including personal data)was strictly controlled by all the countries.In general,the classified and hierarchical management mode was adopted in most countries,but there were some differences regarding their purposes,implementation mechanisms and the scopes of the data.According to current situation and relevant international practical experience,China should establish a classified and hierarchical policy framework to strengthen cross-border assessment,monitoring and law enforcement of important data in the field of geographic information.