纳米氧化锌改性锦纶6长丝的结构与物理性能

Structure and properties of nano-ZnO modified PA6 fibers

选用无机抗菌剂纳米氧化锌(ZnO)对锦纶6长丝改性,通过熔融纺丝法制备纳米ZnO改性锦纶6长丝(ZnO/PA6)。经对抗菌母粒结构与性能的分析,结果表明:ZnO质量分数5%时,ZnO均匀分散于抗菌母粒中,对黏度、灰分与熔点影响较小。经对ZnO/PA6结构与物理性能的分析,结果表明:当抗菌母粒中ZnO质量分数5%、抗菌母粒添加量5%时,ZnO/PA6的白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率分别为92%、93%、99%,且ZnO均匀分散于ZnO/PA6中,对力学性能影响较小。

Nylon fabric has the advantages of low relative density,good wear resistance,and favorable dyeing performance,and is widely used in clothing,decoration and industrial textiles.However,static electricity is easily generated on the surface of nylon,so the surface of the fabric is easy to absorb dust.Electrostatic adsorption and the sweat discharged from the human body infiltrating into the fibers make the nylon fabric very easy to breed bacteria.Therefore,the development of antibacterial nylon is a hot research topic at present.By preparing antibacterial PA6 fibers,the textiles are endowed with lasting antibacterial function,which can effectively block people’s contact with pathogenic microorganisms,reduce the spread of diseases and meet people’s needs for the antibacterial properties of the fibers fabrics used.The blended spinning method is an important method for preparing antibacterial fibers.The process is simple,and the fibers produced have good antibacterial firmness and durability,and are not harmful to human body.The blended spinning method is conducted by first blending the antibacterial agents with raw materials,and then preparing the antibacterial fibers through the spinning process.At present,domestic research on antibacterial PA6 fibers mainly focuses on modifying PA6 fibers with different antibacterial agents.If the silver-loaded composite powder is used as the antibacterial agent,PA6 fibers with an antibacterial rate of 99%can be obtained.However,nano-silver is easy to accumulate after being absorbed by the human body and it could endanger human health.The use of nano-silver is restricted.If the nano-copper oxide loaded with mesoporous zirconium phosphate is used as the antibacterial agent,the antibacterial rate is 60%-90%.However,copper-based antibacterial agents have a certain effect on the dyeing properties of antibacterial PA6 fibers.Zinc oxide could be used as an antibacterial agent,because it is a white inorganic antibacterial agent,and the product has an antibacterial effect by releasing antibacterial ions during use.The method of nano-sized carrier which could increase surface area can be used to better adsorb microorganisms,so as to obtain better antibacterial effect than micron scale.Using the masterbatch method which is one of the blended spinning methods,nano-ZnO is added as the antibacterial agent to the PA6 fibers.The antibacterial masterbatches with different ZnO contents are prepared by a screw extruder.Then,the antibacterial masterbatch and the nylon PA6 slices which are fully mixed before are added into the silo to prepare nano-ZnO modified PA6 fibers by melt spinning.The results showed that when the amount of ZnO was 5%,ZnO was evenly dispersed in the antibacterial masterbatches,which had little effect on the viscosity,ash content and melting point.Through the analysis of the structure and performance of the ZnO/PA6,the results showed that when the amount of ZnO in the antibacterial masterbatch was 5%and the amount of antibacterial masterbatch was 5%,the antibacterial rates of Candida albicans,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of ZnO/PA6 were 92%,93%and 99%,respectively.ZnO was uniformly dispersed in ZnO/PA6 and it had little impact on the mechanical properties.