基于虚拟变电站的配电网薄弱区域集群双层规划研究

Research on Cluster Bi-level Planning Based on Virtual Substation for Weak Areas of Distribution Network

位于配电网末端的偏远山区常常由于存在供电可靠性不足的问题而被视为配电网薄弱区域,为了提高此类地区的供电可靠性,引入虚拟变电站和集群规划的概念和方法,提出了一种基于虚拟变电站的分布式电源与储能双层选址定容规划模型。上层模型以集群效能指标最大为目标,从结构性和功能性两方面对配电网薄弱区域进行集群划分,规划结果为各集群的划分方案;下层模型以考虑用户损失费用的年综合费用最小为目标,在各集群内部建设虚拟变电站,规划结果是集群内分布式电源的接入位置及容量、储能装置的接入容量及功率;针对集群规划模型的特性,文章提出计及孤岛运行的用户停电损失费用计算方法,并以双层迭代的混合粒子群算法进行求解。算例部分以云南含分布式小水电的某典型场景为例,验证了所提模型的可行性和求解方法的有效性。

The remote mountainous areas at the end of the distribution network are often regarded as weak areas of the distribution network due to insufficient power supply reliability. In order to improve the power supply reliability of such areas, the concepts and methods of virtual substation and cluster planning are introduced, and a bi-level location and capacity planning model based on virtual substation for distributed power sources and energy storage is proposed. The upper-level model takes the largest cluster efficiency index as the goal, and divides the weak areas of the distribution network into clusters from both structural and functional aspects, whose planning result is the division plan of each cluster. The lower-level model aims to minimize the annual comprehensive cost considering the user’s loss costs, and build virtual substations within each cluster, whose results are the access location and capacity of distributed power sources in the cluster, and the access capacity and power of energy storage devices. Focusing on the characteristics of the cluster planning model, a cost calculation method for users’ power outage loss considering island operation is proposed, and an iterative hybrid particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the problem. A typical scene with distributed small hydropower stations in Yunnan is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the solution method.