空间批评视域下艾丽丝·门罗小说中的加拿大民族身份想象

On the National Identity Imagination in Alice Munro s Literary Works from the Perspective of Space Narrative

加拿大的被殖民历史注定其民族身份形成的漫长过程,从殖民拓荒时期开始,到英属加拿大时期,再到加拿大民族国家的成立,加拿大民族身份不断被想象与定义。作为民族想象的载体,文学一直是作家对其所属民族身份进行想象与构建的工具。在艾丽丝·门罗的文学世界中,民族身份往往与加拿大人的日常生活空间相伴。通过书写荒野、洞穴及“门罗小镇”,她对加拿大18世纪殖民拓荒时期、20世纪60年代民族主义盛行时期以及民族主义消退之后的民族身份进行构建,最终构建出从疯癫到自恋再到“居于间者”的加拿大民族身份。一方面,这种通过书写庸常的日常生活空间对民族身份这一宏大主题进行表征的叙事方式诠释了门罗的后现代叙事风格;另一方面,“居于间者”的民族身份也为“全球一体化”背景下不同民族如何既保持本民族独特身份又与他民族共存提供一定的启示。

Canada s colonial history determines the long process of the formation of its national identity.From the colonial frontier exploration period,to the British Canada period,and then to the establishment of the Canadian nation-state,Canadian national identity has been constantly imagined and defined.As a carrier of national imagination,literature has always been a tool for writers to imagine and construct their national identity.In Alice Munro s literary world,national identity is usually accompanied by the daily living space of Canadians.Through wilderness writing,caves and“Munro town”,she constructed the Canadian national identities of the colonial frontier exploration period in the 18^(th) century,the prevalence of nationalism in 1960s and after its receding,finally constructed the Canadian national identity from madness to narcissism and then to“in-between”.On the one hand,such narrative style of representing the grand theme of national identity through the writing of common daily living space illustrates Munro s postmodern narrative style;on the other hand,the“in-between”national identity provides different ethnic groups some enlightenment for maintaining its unique ethnic identity and coexisting with other groups in the background of globalization.