非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪的理解与判定

Understanding and Judgment of the Crime of Illegal Implantationof Gene Editing and Embryo Cloning

刑法修正案(十一)设立非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪以应对基因技术发展带来的风险,体现了刑法积极预防的立法倾向。在理解适用该罪名的构成要件时,明确保护法益应偏向于社会伦理与人类基因安全;行为主体包括个人与单位;行为对象是涉生殖系基因细胞;将基因编辑行为类型化区分,明确该罪的实行行为是“植入”;利用对法益的侵害程度、潜在的损害结果等综合判定“情节严重”。

The Criminal Law Amendment(11)establishes the crime of illegally implanting gene editing and cloning embryos to deal with the risks brought by the development of genetic technology,which reflects the legislative tendency of the criminal law to actively prevent.When understanding the constituent elements of this crime,it is clear that the protection of legal interests should be biased towards social ethics and human gene safety;the subject of conduct includes individuals and units;the object of conduct is germline gene cells;the implementation behavior is“implantation”;the“serious circumstances”are comprehensively judged by using the degree of infringement of legal interests and the potential damage results.