人工增雨在2019年一次森林火灾中的应用评估

Application Evaluation of Artificial Precipitation Enhancement in a Forest Fire in 2019

人工增雨是人类改造和利用自然的一种手段,如用飞机、火箭、大炮、燃烧炉、焰弹等工具将碘化银、干冰等催化剂送入云中过冷部位,增加云中冰晶和凝结核,促使更多的水汽形成雨滴降到地面。该文以安徽省“20191116”无为森林火灾人工增雨作业情况为实例,芜湖市气象局通过分析多种气象资料,制定了作业方案,在7个作业点10个时间点开展了烟炉和火箭组合增雨作业,共计发射火箭弹45枚,燃烧烟条7根。利用作业前后雷达反射率、垂直液态水含量等回波参数变化、作业区和对比区降雨量对比等方法对作业效果进行评估,降雨效果显著。此实例表明火箭、飞机、烟炉等人工增雨作业等可为森林灭火提供更丰富更有效的手段。

Artificial precipitation enhancement is a means of human transformation and utilization of nature,such as using aircraft,rockets,cannons,combustion furnaces,flame bombs and other tools to send silver iodide,dry ice and other catalysts into the supercooled parts of the cloud,increase the ice crystals and condensation nodules in the cloud,and promote more water vapor to form raindrops to the ground.Taking the artificial precipitation enhancement operation of the“20191116”Wuwei forest fire in Anhui Province as an example,Wuhu Meteorological Bureau formulated an operation plan by analyzing a variety of meteorological data.The combined precipitation enhancement operation of smoke stove and rocket was carried out at 7 operation points and 10 time points,with a total of 45 rocket bombs fired and 7 cigarette sticks burned.The radar reflectivity,vertical liquid water content and other echo parameters before and after the operation,and the rainfall comparison between the operation area and the comparison area are used to evaluate the operation effect,and the rainfall effect is remarkable.This example shows that artificial precipitation enhancement operations such as rockets,aircraft and smoke stoves can provide richer and more effective means for forest fire fighting.