乡村发展类型划分及其乡村空间规划探索——以安徽省金寨县为例

Research on Type Identification of Rural Development and RuralSpatial Planning:A Case Study of Jinzhai Country in Anhui Province

乡村振兴战略是现阶段推进乡村发展的重要举措,科学的划分村庄发展类型,是精准化实施乡村振兴政策的基础。(1)基于《国家乡村振兴战略规划(2018—2022年)》,该研究提出依据乡村的区位条件、发展现状、资源禀赋等因素构建乡村发展评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法对乡村发展水平进行评估,最终将村庄分为集聚提升型村庄、城郊融合型村庄、特色保护型村庄和搬迁撤并型村庄。(2)从景观生态学角度出发,选取8个景观指数,通过fragstats软件的移动窗口法和GS的半变异函数得到景观破碎化指数,运用熵权法计算出景观破碎化综合指数,得到金寨县的景观重度破碎化的集中分布区域。(3)分析安徽省六安市金寨县景观破碎化原因与乡村发展评价指标的哪些因素密切相关,从乡村发展类型角度提出差别化的乡村空间规划策略,从而为金寨县生态宜居的美好乡村规划建设提出相关建议。

The rural revitalization strategy is an important step for the implementation of rural development in China at the present stage.Scientific classification of village development types is the basis for the accurate implementation of rural revitalization policies.(1)According to the National Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization(2018—2022),this paper proposes building an evaluation index system for rural development based on the development status,location conditions and resource endowments of different villages,and evaluates the level of rural development by using entropy weight TOPSIS method.Finally,the villages are divided into four types:agglomeration and promotion,integration of urban and suburban areas,protection for characteristics,relocation and withdrawal.(2)From the perspective of landscape ecology,8 landscape indices are selected,which are calculated with moving window method and semi-variation function of GS using FRAGSTATS software.The comprehensive index of landscape fragmentation is calculated by entropy weight method,and the concentrated distribution area of severe landscape fragmentation is obtained.(3)By analyzing the reasons of landscape fragmentation distribution in Jinzhai County,Lu’an City,of Anhui Province,and the factors of evaluation indicators related to rural development,we put forward differentiated rural landscape planning strategies from the perspective of rural development types so as to provide relevant suggestions for the planning and construction of ecological livable rural areas in Jinzhai County.