禾本科草本植物根状茎发育调控机理研究进展

Research progress on regulation mechanism of rhizome development in herbaceous plants of the Poaceae

根状茎是匍匐的地下茎,为多年生草本和其他单子叶植物通过无性繁殖进行克隆生长的营养器官。根状茎的持续分化和横向延伸生长,赋予了根状茎类禾草很强的水平拓展迁移能力和抗扰动能力,无论在天然草原群落构成还是在改善退化草原、荒漠、沙丘等脆弱生态系统中均发挥了重要作用。根状茎的分化和生长发育是一个复杂的过程,受内在因素和外在刺激的协同调控。通过梳理近年来禾本科草本植物根状茎分化和发育的研究文献,从生境异质性、植物激素及关联基因等方面初步综述了根状茎生长发育调控和响应因素,为深入开展根状茎发育研究以及揭示根状茎型禾草空间分株放置的思维和生态适应的逻辑提供了理论借鉴。

Rhizomes are creeping underground stems that serve as vegetative organs for clonal growth of perennial grasses and other monocots.The continuous differentiation and lateral extension of rhizomes endow rhizomatous grasses with strong abilities of horizontal expansion,migration and resistance to disturbance,which play important roles in both the formation of natural grassland species associations and the improvement of fragile ecosystems such as degraded grasslands,deserts,sand dunes.The differentiation and development of rhizomes is a complicated process co-regulated by internal factors and external stimuli.In this review,the recent research literature on the rhizomatous growth and development of grasses was systematically summarized.The regulation and response factors of rhizomatous growth and development were identified from the perspectives of habitat heterogeneity,plant hormone factors and related genes.This provides a theoretical framework for further research on the development of rhizomes and thus guides thinking on spatial expansion of rhizomatous grasses and the logic of ecological adaptation.