花期追肥对川贝母产量和品质的影响

Effects of Topdressing in the Flowering Stage on Yield and Quality of Fritillaria Cirrhosa D.Don

目的:通过研究不同肥料追施对川贝母产量和品质的影响,确定优质川贝母生产的适宜施肥用量,为川贝母高产和高品质药材栽培提供理论和技术支持。方法:以5年生川贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don)为实验材料,在初花期分别追施高、中、低剂量氮肥、磷肥和钾肥,分析肥料种类及不同剂量对川贝母叶片光合生理、荧光参数、主要农艺指标及总生物碱含量的影响。结果:分别追施不同量的氮、磷、钾肥对川贝母的光合参数和荧光参数均呈现先升高后下降的影响趋势,磷肥和钾肥的追施显著影响叶宽。以单果重、单果种子总粒数、种子结实率、种子千粒重、鳞茎鲜重和总生物碱含量作为综合评价指标,小区实验结果显示川贝母花期最佳追肥量分别为:氮肥20 g/m^(2)、磷肥250 g/m^(2)、钾肥75 g/m^(2)。在最优的施肥用量下,3种肥料的综合品质评分为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。结论:在花期科学追肥有助于川贝母产量和品质的提升,本研究可为人工种植川贝母施肥技术的提高提供理论支撑。

Objective:To determine the appropriate amount of topdressing to achieve high-quality Fritillaria cirrhosa(FC)and provide theoretical and technical support for the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality medicinal materials of FC according to the investigation of the effects of different fertilizers.Methods:The 5-year-old FC at the initial flowering stage was topdressed with high-,medium-,and low-doses of nitrogen(N),phosphate(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers.Furthermore,the effects of different types and dosages of fertilizers on photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters,main agronomic characters,and total alkaloid content were analyzed.Results:The photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence parameters of FC were significantly increased and then decreased after topdressing of different dosages of N,P,and K fertilizers,respectively.Moreover,leaf width was significantly affected by the topdressing of P and K fertilizers.With fruit weight,total seed number per fruit,seed setting rate,1000-seed weight,bulb fresh weight,and total alkaloid content as comprehensive evaluation indexes,the optimal fertilization dosages for producing the high-yield and high-quality of FC were 20 g/m^(2) N fertilizer,250 g/m^(2) P fertilizer,and 75 g/m^(2) K fertilizer.Under the optimum fertilization,the utilization effect of different fertilizers was evaluated as K>P>N.Conclusion:Scientific and rational topdressing of N,P,and K fertilizers in the flowering stage can improve the yield and quality of FC,which can provide theoretical support for the improvement of fertilization technology for artificial cultivation of FC.