川贝母不同规格鳞茎的生理指标和生物碱含量比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Physiological Indexes and Alkaloid Content of Fritillaria Cirrhosa D.Don of Different Bulb Sizes

目的:研究不同规格川贝母鳞茎作为种茎对植株生长发育和药材品质的影响,为高品质川贝母精细化栽培提供理论支撑。方法:以直径和外观形状对川贝母鳞茎进行分类,通过比较3种不同直径和2种不同外观形状鳞茎出苗后的生理指标、叶片光合光响应曲线以及总生物碱含量,分析不同规格鳞茎的差异对田间川贝母产量和鳞茎品质的影响。结果:川贝母大粒鳞茎生殖生长具有显著的优势,开花数量多且均可挂果,单颗果实质量和其他规格鳞茎所得果实质量没有显著性差异;小粒鳞茎总生物碱含量高于大鳞茎。扁鳞茎叶片数量和叶片宽度均显著高于尖鳞茎,光合效率较高,但出苗时间较尖鳞茎晚,二者生物碱含量差异无统计学意义。结论:川贝母鳞茎表型具有多样性,相同生长年限下,直径大的鳞茎可优选用于种源繁育,较小鳞茎适宜作为商品。通过鳞茎直径及形状筛选川贝母种茎,可以同时保证其种源繁育和药材供应,为川贝母的高产优质生产提供保障。

Objective:To analyze the effects of the size of Fritillaria cirrhosa(FC)bulbs(as seed bulbs)on its growth and quality and provide theoretical support for the standardized production of high-quality FC.Methods:The FC bulbs were classified by the diameter and appearance shape,and the effects of different bulb sizes on the FC yield and bulb quality were analyzed by comparing the physiological indexes,leaf photosynthetic light-response curves,and total alkaloid content of bulbs with three different diameters and two different appearance shapes after emergence.Results:Large bulbs had a significant advantage in the productive growth and flower amounts(all of them could grow into fruits).There was no significant difference between the quality of a single fruit from the large bulbs and other bulbs.The small bulb had higher content of total alkaloids than the large bulb.Compared with pointed bulbs,flat bulbs had more and wider leaves,higher photosynthetic efficiency,but later time of seedling emergence.However,no significant difference in alkaloid content was observed.Conclusion:The phenotypes of FC bulbs are diverse.In the same growth years,the large bulbs can be preferably used for breeding and small bulbs are suitable for commercial products.The selection of seed bulb based on diameter and shape could guarantee its breeding and medicinal material supply and ensure high-yield and high-quality production of FC.