社会科学在司法裁判中的运用及限度

Application and Limit of Social Science in Judicial Adjudication

社会科学进入司法裁判,一是源于两者本体论意义上的交叉性,二是源于法律现实主义的推动与实践。社会科学一方面作为与个案直接相关的社会科学证据直接运用于司法裁判中的事实争议,另一方面作为不与个案直接相关的社会科学背景性知识间接运用于司法裁判,其作用在于推动司法裁判的民主化、客观化以及克服法律推理可能的思维误区。然而,社会科学本身具有非结论性、理论多元化、历史时代性、非自适性等局限,加之司法裁判本身的规范性、权威性等特征,促使我们在司法裁判中必须以疑难案件为运用场景、依法裁判为原则以及论证说理为基础的“有限存在论”的立场对待社会科学。

The reason why social sciences can enter into the category of judicial adjudication lies in their ontological intersectionality,and the promotion and practice of legal realism.On the one hand,the social scientific evidence directly related to the cases can be directly applied to the facts in dispute for judicial adjudication;furthermore,the social sciences background knowledge not directly related to the cases can be indirectly applied to the judicial adjudication.The role of social sciences is to promote the democratization and objectification of the judicial adjudication,and overcome the possible misunderstanding of legal reasoning.However,the limitations of inconclusivity,theoretical diversity,historical times,and non-self-adaptation of social sciences,combined with the features of judicial adjudication,such as standardization and authority,prompted us that in judicial adjudication,we must treat social sciences from the standpoint of“finite ontology”based on the application of hard cases and the principle of adjudicating according to law.