钪在轻合金中的强化机制与应用现状

Strengthening Mechanism and Application Status of Scandium in Light Alloys

本文对钪元素在铝、镁和钛3种轻合金中的强化机制和应用现状进行了分析和对比。钪在铝合金中产生共晶反应,通过形成与基体共格的Al_(3)Sc相对合金的微观组织和力学性能产生影响。钪在镁合金中产生包晶反应,可通过αMg/βSc固态相变和中间相γMgSc来调控合金微观组织和力学性能。钪和钛之间不形成中间相,βSc和βTi之间可形成连续固溶体,αSc和αTi只能有限互溶。含钪铝合金已获得实际应用,含钪镁合金和含钪钛合金仍未见实际应用的公开报道。3种轻合金的最新国家标准中,均未推出含钪的合金牌号。

The application status of scandium in aluminum alloys,magnesium alloys,and titanium alloys was analyzed and compared.In aluminum alloys,scandium reacted with aluminum to form Al_(3)Sc through a eutectic reaction.The Al_(3)Sc can maintain a coherent relationship with matrix and improve its microstructure and mechanical properties.In magnesium alloys,there is a peritectic reaction between scandium and magnesium.Phase transformation ofαMg/βSc and formation ofγMgSc were used to tailor microstructure and improve mechanical properties of magnesium-scandium alloys.No intermetallic phase was formed in titanium-scandium binary phase diagram.A continuous solid solution can be formed betweenβTi andβSc.But,there is a limited solid solubility betweenαTi andαSc.Aluminum alloys containing scandium have been applied to practical,but it is not the situation in magnesium alloys and titanium alloys.In the latest national standards about aluminum alloys,magnesium alloys,and titanium alloys,no alloy designation containing scandium was developed.