社会—生态系统视角下山西森林公园综合效益评价研究

Research on Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Forest Park in Shanxi Province under the Perspective of Social-Ecological Systems

效益协同发展是森林公园社会—生态系统良性发展的重要基础,科学评价山西森林公园旅游综合效益,有助于提高森林公园社会生态系统的韧性,促进森林公园旅游高质量发展。在社会—生态系统视角下,从经济、社会、休闲和生态4个方面构建效益指标体系,运用熵值TOPSIS法和回归分析,研究山西森林公园综合效益以及影响因素,发现:(1)2008—2018年山西森林公园经济、社会和休闲效益总体上呈现出增长态势,都经历了缓慢和快速增长两个阶段,其中,社会和休闲效益同步增长趋势明显,凸显了森林旅游的经济、社会和休闲三大属性,体现了森林公园旅游发展对当地社会—生态系统的重要作用。(2)综合效益与生态效益均呈现“W”形态势,各维度对综合效益的贡献度不尽相同,说明各维度效益未能协同发展。在制定森林公园政策时应考虑各效益的协同性,力求获得森林公园的整体最优效益。(3)森林旅游需求、生态造林和资金投入是森林公园综合效益的主要影响因素。森林旅游需求影响最明显,其次为生态造林与资金投入。通过引入PPP模式,丰富森林旅游融资模式;增强生物多样性,充实、拓展森林公园旅游资源;增强森林旅游产品供给能力,满足游客需求继而提高森林公园发展韧性,实现森林公园生态、经济和社会效益协同发展。

Shanxi Province has a typical resource-based economy. It is dominated by the coal economy and its environment is more polluted. Since 2017, Shanxi Province has actively forged the three major tourism sectors of the Yellow River, the Great Wall and Taihang, and strived to make tourism a new engine for Shanxi’s transformation and development. Especially, it is important to seize the opportunity of national ecological construction, and fully promote forest tourism, relying on forest resources and geographical advantages.The coordinated development of benefits is an essential basis for the healthy development of the socio-ecological system of forest parks. Evaluating scientifically the tourism comprehensive benefits of Forest Park in Shanxi is conducive to improving the resilience of the forest ecosystem and promoting the high-quality development of forest park tourism. An index system was constructed from four aspects of economy, society, leisure and ecology, which was based on the perspective of socio-ecological system. Using the entropy TOPSIS method and regression, this paper analyzed the comprehensive benefits and influencing factors of forest parks in Shanxi Province. The results showed that:(1) The economic, social and leisure benefits of forest park showed a growth trend in the mass, highlighted the economic, social and leisure attributes of forest tourism, and experienced two stages of slow and rapid growth from 2008 to 2018 in Shanxi Province. Among them, the trend of simultaneous growth of social and leisure benefits was obvious, which reflected the vital role of forest park tourism development in the local socio-ecological system.(2) The comprehensive benefits and ecological benefits showed a "W" trend, and the contribution of each dimension to the comprehensive benefit was different. It was worth mentioning that ecological benefits contributed the most to the change of comprehensive benefits in 2010, and the simultaneous growth of economic, social and leisure benefits led to a slow and steady rebound in comprehensive benefits after 2012. These indicated that the benefits of all dimensions had not developed in coordination. When formulating a forest park policy, the government should consider the synergy of interests and strive to obtain the overall best interests of the forest park.(3) Forest tourism demand, ecological afforestation and capital investment were the main influencing factors of comprehensive benefits of forest parks. The effect of forest tourism demand was most obvious, followed by ecological afforestation and capital investment. Therefore, enriching the forest tourism financing model by introducing a PPP model, in order to increase the capacity and efficiency of investment;enriching biodiversity to strengthen tourism resources in forest parks;improving forest park product design and operational capabilities to enhance the supply of forest tourism products, which will can meet the needs of tourists, increase the resilience of forest park development, and achieve coordinated development about the ecological, economic and social benefits.