长吉图地区“生产-生活-生态”空间生境质量时空演变分析

Analysis on spatial and spatial evolution of habitat quality in production-life-ecology space in Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region

该研究基于生产、生活、生态空间分类体系分析研究区2000—2020年的土地利用变化,并通过InVEST模型量化生境质量的时空变化过程。结果表明:1)2000—2020年,研究区生产空间的面积增加183.8 km^(2),生活空间的面积增加489.62 km^(2),生态空间的面积减少750.19 km^(2);2)2000—2010年,研究区“三生”用地转型以生态空间向生产空间转移为主,共转移1979.91 km^(2),2010—2020年,以生产空间向生活生态空间转移为主,共转移1192.59 km^(2);3)20年来,研究区生境质量指数分别为0.644、0.648和0.633,生态环境逐渐恶化。在时间变化上,生境质量高值区由19382.75 km^(2)增至21058.6 km^(2),又减至18923.25 km^(2);良好生境质量区由26793.67 km^(2)减至25286.11 km^(2),又增至26336.88 km^(2);一般生境质量区的面积最小,却有不断增加的趋势,由214.32 km^(2)增至253.15 km^(2);生境质量低值区由25446.54 km^(2)减至25115.17 km^(2),又增至26246.28 km^(2)。从空间格局上,该研究区的生境质量整体呈“东高西低”的空间分布格局。该研究结果可为研究区国土空间优化和可持续发展提供建议。

Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region is a first-opening area,which is a key development of open area in China.However,the analysis of habitat quality in this region from the perspective of the production-living-ecological space is relatively lacking.On the basis of production,living and ecological space classification system,the land use changes in Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region during 2000—2020 were analyzed and their habitat quality was evaluated by means of the InVEST model.The results showed that:1)from 2000 to 2020,the area of production space in the study area increased by 183.8 km^(2),the area of living space increased by 489.62 km^(2)and the area of ecological space decreased by 750.19 km^(2);2)from 2000 to 2010,main type of transformation of the study area was the conversion from ecological space to production space,the transfer area was 1979.91 km^(2),while from 2010 to 2020,the main type of transformation from production space to living and ecological space,the transfer area was 1192.59 km^(2);3)For 20 years,the eco-environmental quality index of the study area was 0.644,0.648,0.633 and the deterioration of ecological environment was getting worse.In terms of time change,high habitat quality value areas increased from 19382.75 km^(2)to 21058.6 km^(2)and decreased to 18923.25 km^(2);good habitat quality areas decreased from 26793.67 km^(2)to 25286.11 km^(2)and increased to 26336.88 km^(2),average habitat quality areas accounted for the smallest proportion,it continuously increased from 214.32 km^(2)to 253.15 km^(2)during the study period;low habitat quality value areas decreased from 25446.54 km^(2)to 25115.17 km^(2)and then increased to 26246.28 km^(2).The overall eco-environmental quality index of the study area showed obvious regional differences,demonstrating the spatial distribution of“high in the east and low in the west”.The results can provide some advice for the national land space optimization and sustainable development in this area.