啮齿类动物模型在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的应用

Application of rodent models in treatment of COVID-19

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)是2019年底发现的新型呼吸道感染疾病,由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起。截止2021年10月29日,全球已有215个国家暴发感染,且世界各地出现多种变异株,因此,迫切需要研发针对SARS-CoV-2的候选疫苗及相应的靶向药物。易感动物模型的建立对于阐明病毒的致病机制、确定新的治疗目标以及开发和测试有效治疗方法具有十分重要的意义,其中啮齿类动物具有繁殖快、经济、易于饲养等特点,是理想的实验动物模型。本文对SARS-CoV-2易感啮齿类动物模型的临床症状和病理特征及其在COVID-19治疗中的应用作一综述,以期为选择合适的易感实验动物及开发COVID-19候选疫苗和治疗药物提供参考。

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is a novel respiratory infectious disease discovered at the end of 2019,which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Up to October 29,2021,there have been outbreaks of infection in 215 countries,and a variety of mutant strains have appeared around the world.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop candidate vaccines and the corresponding targeted drugs against SARS-CoV-2.The establishment of susceptible animal models is of great significance in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of the virus,identifying new therapeutic targets,and developing and testing effective therapeutic methods.Rodent is an ideal model because of fast reproduction,economy,and ease of feeding.This article reviews the clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 susceptible rodent models and their application in the treatment of COVID-19 so as to provide a reference for selecting suitable susceptible experimental animals and developing candidate vaccines and drugs against COVID-19.