长江经济带生态系统健康评估及时空变化特征

Ecosystem health assessment and spatial and temporal change characteristics of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江经济带生态系统的健康是支撑我国经济社会可持续发展的重要基础。基于“活力-组织力-恢复力-贡献力”评价指标体系,构建长江经济带生态系统健康评估模型,对2000年和2015年各县市的生态系统健康状况进行评估。结果表明:(1)长江经济带生态系统健康空间分异格局总体呈现北部高南部低、上游高下游低的特点,生态系统健康指数的高值区主要位于云南省,低值区主要位于安徽省和江苏省;(2)与2000年相比,2015年生态系统健康指数整体增加,局部降低,其中,生态系统健康指数下降的区域主要位于长三角沿海地区;(3)2015年长江经济带生态系统健康以四因子主导为主,四因子主导区占研究区县市总数的41.2%,且大部分四因子主导区是由原组织力-恢复力-贡献力主导区转化而来。总体而言,研究时段内长江经济带生态系统健康状况有所恢复,但在人类干扰较大的地区有所下降。

The health of ecosystem in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)is an important key factor to the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.Based on the framework of Vigor-Organization-Resilience Contribution,an ecosystem health assessment model was built for the YREB,and the ecosystem health for each country in 2000 and 2015 was analyzed.The result showed that:(1)The ecosystem health was higher in the upstream and south of the Yangtze River(e.g.Yunnan province),while lower in the downstream and north of the Yangtze River(e.g.Anhui province and Jiangsu province);(2)An overall increase of ecosystem health index was detected from 2000 to 2015.However,in some local areas,especially coastal regions of Yangtze River Delta Area,the ecosystem health index decreased;(3)In 2015,the ecosystem health of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was dominated by four factors,the four-factor dominant area accounted for 41.2%of the total area,and most of them were transformed from the primary three-factor dominant area in 2000.In general,the ecosystem health of the YREB recovered during the study period,but declined in the areas with intensified human activities.