斑秃的药物治疗研究进展

Progress in Drug Therapy for Alopecia Areata

斑秃(AA)是一种突然发生的自限性、非瘢痕性脱发。目前的发病机制尚不明确,主要认为是免疫系统攻击毛囊、免疫基因异常、免疫细胞和分子失衡所致。传统的治疗药物包括米诺地尔、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等,但部分患者疗效不佳,尤其是中重度斑秃患者。近年来,小分子药物、生物制剂、自体制剂的使用给治疗带来了更多希望,这其中包括JAK-STAT通路的抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、TNF-α阻断剂、富血小板血浆疗法等。其安全性与有效性仍需进一步研究证明。

Alopecia areata(AA)is a sudden,localized,non-scarring hair loss disease.At present,the pathogenesis is not clear.It is mainly considered to be caused by immune system attacking hair follicles,immune gene abnormalities,immune cell and molecular imbalance.Traditional therapeutic drugs included minoxidil,glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant,etc.However,some patients have poor efficacy,especially those who with moderate to severe AA.In recent years,small molecule drugs,biological agents and autologous agents had been used to treat AA,including inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway,phosphodiesterase inhibitors,TNF-αblockers,platelet rich plasma therapy and so on.The safety and effectiveness still need further research.