带囊返回舱垂直着水冲击特性研究

Research on Vertical Impact Characteristics of Re-Entry Capsule with Airbag

针对带囊返回舱着水冲击过程不明晰的现状,结合构建的舱-囊-水-空气四者耦合的力学模型,进行了返回舱过载、速度、位移、气囊囊压等特征参数及水体变形情况的研究,量化了典型工况下返回舱着水冲击过程,并与带囊着陆、无囊着水工况进行了对比分析。研究表明:在垂直着水过程中,气囊、舱与水接连冲击导致出现2次过载,且最大过载出现在舱体与水的相互作用时;随着初始着水速度的增大,舱体过载峰值逐渐增大,过载峰值出现时间逐渐提前,均为舱体与水的接触冲击导致;与带囊着陆相比,返回舱带囊垂直着水过载峰值超过了着陆工况;与无囊着水相比,气囊对降低返回舱过载峰值效果不明显。研究可为海上回收系统方案的优化及乘员设备安全性设计提供技术支撑。

Due to the uncertain status of the splash down process of the re-entry capsule with airbag,the coupling mechanical model of the re-entry capsule,airbag,water and air was established and the characteristic parameters of the re-entry capsule such as overload,velocity,displacement,airbag pressure and the deformation of the water body were studied.The impact process of the re-entry capsule under typical conditions was quantified and comparisons were made with the conditions of landing with airbag and splash down without airbag.The results showed that in the process of vertical splash down,the successive impact of the airbag,capsule and water led to a second overload and the maximum overload occurred during the interaction between capsule and water.With the increase of the initial splash down speed,the peak value of the capsule overload increased gradually and the occurring time of the peak value of the overload was gradually advanced.The peak value was caused by the contact impact between the capsule and the water.Compared with the landing with airbag,the peak value of the vertical splash down overload of the re-entry capsule exceeded the landing condition.Compared with the non-airbag splash down,the airbag had no obvious effect on reducing the peak overload of the re-entry capsule.This study may provide technical support for the optimization of marine spacecraft recovery system schemes and the safety design of the crew equipment.