空间站电位主动控制及在轨应用

Active Potential Control and On-orbit Application in Space Station

针对空间站电位控制需求,研究了空间站特有的带电机理,分析得出主动方式是空间站电位控制唯一可行的方法。研究了电位主动控制工作机制,建立了卫星电位自适应主动控制解析模型。在此基础上,采用空心阴极发射电子的空间站电位主动控制方法建立了空心阴极电子发射特性物理模型,研究了空心阴极电子发射特性,成功研制了中国首个测控一体的电位主动控制系统,并搭载于空间站天和一号核心舱,获得了空间站结构电位在轨测控数据。在轨应用结果表明:电位主动控制系统可将中国空间站结构电位从-60 V控制在-22 V左右,优于国际空间站-40 V的指标。

According to the requirements of potential control in space station,the special charging mechanism of space station was studied.It was concluded that the active mode was the only feasible method for potential control in space station.Then the working mechanism of potential active control was studied and an analytical model of satellite potential adaptive active control was established.On this basis,the potential active control method of hollow cathode emitting electrons in space station was adopted.In addition,the physical model of hollow cathode emission characteristics was established,the characteristics of hollow cathode emission were studied,and the first active potential control system integrated with measurement and control was successfully developed in China.The active control system was mounted on Tianhe core module of the China Space Station,and the on-orbit measurement and control data of the structural potential of the space station were obtained.The on-orbit application results showed that the active potential control system could control the structural potential of China Space Station from-60 V to-22 V,which was better than the index of International Space Station-40 V.