政治现象:显现与显现者——基于阿伦特思想的一个分析

Political Phenomena: Manifestation and the Manifester——An Analysis Based on Arendt’s Thought

在对政治现象的理解上,现当代社会科学一般基于政治生活所呈现之事物展开,而遗忘了显现的维度。对此,阿伦特为我们指出了另一条重要的路径,政治现象由显现与显现者这两端结合而构成。这一理解方式是现象学的。对她来说,公共领域是一道光,它是显现者(自由的政治表象)得以呈现的条件和背景。这道光芒,来自多样视角与意见的充分呈现,依赖于人们的共同出场与对世界的自由言说,其根源在于人的复多性。自由作为政治的本质,是在政治表象之中显现与揭示自身的。在阿伦特的政治现象学思想中,可以看到,通过寻回显现的向度,理解政治生活的方式将得到拓宽。

In the understanding of political phenomena, modern and contemporary social sciences are generally based on the things presented in political life, while forgetting the dimensions of appearance. In this regard, Arendt provided us with another important path. In her view, political phenomena consist of manifestation and the manifester. This way of understanding is phenomenological. For her, the public sphere is a light, the condition and context in which the manifestation(the political appearance of freedom) can be presented. This light, which came from the full presentation of diverse perspectives and opinions, depended on men coming together and speaking freely about the world. It was rooted in the fact of human plurality. As the essence of politics, freedom manifests and reveals itself in the political appearances. In Arendt’s political phenomenology, we can see that the way of understanding political life will be broadened by seeking the dimension of manifestation.