我国两省死因监测数据质量评价及分析

Quality Evaluation and Analysis for Death Surveillance Data in Two Provinces in China

目的:探讨我国死因监测数据质量现状并分析影响因素,为提高死因监测数据质量提供参考。方法:招募两省29名参与死因监测工作的人员进行半结构化访谈,采用主题框架分析法对访谈内容进行分析;结合两省7个县死因监测数据,对质量评估指标进行描述性统计。结果:共调查29人。两省死亡信息报告的流程基本同全国疾病监测系统工作规范所要求的流程一致,现代通信工具的普及提高了数据上报的及时性。在上报过程中,“根本死因的选择方式”是影响死因数据准确性的关键问题;“将全国平均死亡率6‰纳入考核指标”“漏报信息上报流程不规范”“数据交换困难”等影响了死因数据的完整性。两省普遍存在基层工作人员流动性大、能力建设待提高等问题。结论:两省死因监测数据上报过程仍存在一定问题,建议政府和卫生行政部门加强多部门协作,规范根本死因判断、漏报补录等环节,提高培训质量。

Objective:To explore the current situation of death surveillance data and its influencing factors,so as to provide references for improving the quality of death surveillance data in China.Methods:Twenty-nine staff,participating or participated in death surveillance work in two provinces,were recruited for semi-structured interviews.The thematic framework analysis was used for analyzing the interview contents.Meanwhile,the quantitative analysis was used to evaluate death surveillance data quality in 7 counties from two provinces.Results:A total of 29 people were surveyed.The process of death information report in these two provinces was mainly consistent with the death surveillance requirement.The popularization of modern communication tools improved the timeliness of data reporting.In the process of reporting,"the selection of the underlying cause of death"was the key problem affecting the data accuracy."Using the average national mortality rate of 6‰as an assessment index"and"nonstandard reporting process of underreported information"as well as"difficult data exchange"affected the completeness of mortality data.There were some problems in grassroots staff,such as high mobility and insufficient capacity.Conclusion:There are still some problems in the reporting process of death surveillance data in these two provinces.The government and health administrative departments should strengthen multi-department cooperation,standardize the process of underlying cause of death assessment and data supplement,improve the quality of training.