高校退休老年人社区健康管理实践模式研究——以北京大学为例

Research on the Practice Mode of Community Health Management for Retired Seniors in Universities:Taking Peking University as an Example

目的:了解北京大学退休老年人的社区健康管理需求和服务现状,为探索建立合适的老年人社区健康管理实践模式提供参考。方法:对北京大学社区健康管理服务提供方的工作人员和北京大学的退休老年人进行半结构式深度访谈和非参与式观察。结果:通过访谈服务提供方的4位工作人员和服务需求方的12位退休老年人,发现社区医院、社区和养老驿站等3个服务提供方为北京大学退休老年人提供健康评估、健康监测、健康咨询与指导、健康教育等服务,但服务利用情况欠佳,服务的深度和广度有待提升,未能充分满足大部分老年人的健康管理需求。结论:高校退休老年人健康意识较强,对社区健康管理服务有较高需求,但却因资源不充分、信息不对称等原因,社区健康管理服务供给严重不足,大部分老年人处于“高需求-低满足”模式。应通过积极开展专业社会工作、提高社区服务能力、加强政府政策引导等多种方式,满足高校退休老年人的健康管理需求,共同促进我国老年人社区健康管理服务的可持续发展。

Objective:To understand the community health management demands and service status of retired seniors of Peking University,so as to provide a reference for exploring the establishment of appropriate community health management practice mode for the elderly.Methods:Semi-structured in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations were conducted with staff members from Peking University community health management service providers and retired seniors of Peking University.Results:Through interviews with 4 staff members from the service providers and 12 retired seniors from the service demander,it was found that three service providers,including community hospitals,communities,and pension stations,provided services such as health assessment,health monitoring,health consultation and guidance,and health education for retired seniors of Peking University.However,the utilization of services was unsatisfactory,and the depth and breadth of services needed to be improved.Existing services failed to fully meet the health management demands of most retired seniors.Conclusion:Most retired seniors from colleges and universities have strong awareness and great demand for community health management services.However,due to insufficient resources and information asymmetry,the supplies of community health management services are seriously inadequate,and most retired seniors are in the"high demand-low satisfaction"model.We should actively carry out professional social work,improve community service capabilities,and strengthen government policy guidance to meet the community health management needs of retired seniors in universities,and jointly promote the sustainable development of community health management services for the elderly.