我国老年人自我报告听力障碍与躯体功能关系研究

Correlation between self-reported hearing impairment and physical function in the elderly in China

目的调查我国老年人自我报告听力障碍与躯体功能现状,并分析两者的关系。方法本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法,于2022年1—5月选择我国华东、华南、华中、华北、西南地区共8个省/直辖市的老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、简易智能精神状态检查量表和简易体能状况量表(SPPB)进行调查,采用多分类Logistic回归分析探讨老年人躯体功能受损与自我报告听力障碍两者间的关系。本研究共收集问卷5996份,其中有效问卷5822份,问卷有效回收率为97.1%。结果5822名老年人中,869名(14.9%,869/5822)老年人自我报告听力障碍。5822名老年人SPPB总分为(5.89±4.26)分,其中,2899名(49.8%)老年人为低躯体功能,1454名(25.0%)老年人为中等躯体功能,1469名(25.2%)老年人为高躯体功能。多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,自我报告听力障碍老年人发生低躯体功能(OR=2.214,P<0.05)和中等躯体功能(OR=1.432,P<0.05)的风险较高;除此之外,认知功能障碍、女性、高龄、BMI过低、家庭月收入较低、患有3种及以上慢性病也是低躯体功能和中等躯体功能的共同风险因素(P<0.05);而教育程度较低、未在婚状态、居住在农村以及不规律运动是低躯体功能的特异性风险因素(P<0.05)。结论本研究中老年人躯体功能较差,且自我报告听力障碍老年人发生低躯体功能的风险较高。应重视老年人的听力筛查,对于自我报告听力障碍的老年人要鼓励其多与人沟通,减轻社交孤独感,并在保证安全的前提下尽可能参与运动,从而维持和改善其躯体功能。

Objective To explore the status quo of self-reported hearing impairment and physical function among the elderly in China,and to analyze the correlation between the two.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.From January to May 2022,the elderly in 8 provinces or municipalities in East China,South China,Central China,North China,and Southwest China were selected as research objects by convenience sampling.The General Information Questionnaire,the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)were used for the investigation.Multi-category Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between physical function impairment and self-reported hearing impairment in the elderly.A total of 5996 questionnaires were collected,of which 5822 were valid questionnaires,and the valid recovery rate was 97.1%.Results Among the 5822 elderly people,869(14.9%,869/5822)elderly people self-reported hearing impairment.The total score of SPPB in 5822 elderly people was(5.89±4.26),of which 2899(49.8%)elderly had low physical function,1454(25.0%)elderly had moderate physical function,and 1469(25.2%)elderly had high physical function.Multi-category Logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly with self-reported hearing impairment had a high risk of developing low physical function(OR=2.214,P<0.05)and moderate physical function(OR=1.432,P<0.05).In addition,cognitive impairment,female gender,advanced age,low body mass index(BMI),low monthly household income,and having three or more chronic diseases were also common risk factors for low and moderate physical function(P<0.05).Low education level,unmarried status,living in rural areas and irregular exercise were specific risk factors for low physical function(P<0.05).Conclusions The elderly have poor physical function,and the elderly with self-reported hearing impairment had a high risk of developing low physical function.Attention should be paid to the hearing screening of the elderly.For the elderly with self-reported hearing impairment,they should be encouraged to communicate with others to reduce social loneliness,and participate in sports as much as possible under the premise of ensuring safety,so as to maintain and improve their physical function.