绵阳市社区老年人日常生活活动能力现状及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of activities of daily living among the elderly in Mianyang community

目的调查四川省绵阳市社区老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL)现状,并分析其影响因素,为提高社区老年人ADL提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,于2020年4月—2021年12月选取四川省绵阳市3个县/区的17259名社区老年人(≥65岁)为研究对象,采用老年人能力评估标准表对其进行调查。本研究共发放问卷17259份,回收有效问卷16482份,有效回收率为95.50%。结果16482名社区老年人中,20.59%(3394/16482)老年人ADL受损,其中ADL轻度受损2557名(75.34%),ADL中度受损517名(15.23%),ADL重度受损320名(9.43%)。二项Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、子女情况、精神状态与社会参与能力、感知觉与沟通能力是社区老年人ADL的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论绵阳市社区老年人ADL受损率较高。社区医务人员应重点关注高龄、文化程度较低、无配偶、有子女、精神状态与社会参与能力受损、感知觉与沟通能力受损的老年人,尽早给予针对性干预,提高社区老年人日常生活能力。

Objective To investigate the current situation of activity of daily living(ADL)among the community elders in Mianyang City in Sichuan Province and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for improving the ADL of the community elders.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,from April 2020 to December 2021,a total of 17259 community elders(≥65 years old)in 3 counties/districts in Mianyang City in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects,and The Elderly Ability Assessment Standard Table was used to investigate them.A total of 17259 questionnaires were sent out in this study and 16482 were effectively received,with the effective recovery of 95.50%.Results Among the 16482 community elderly,a total of 20.59%(3394/16482)had ADL impairment,including 2557(75.34%)with mild ADL impairment,517(15.23%)with moderate ADL impairment and 320(9.43%)with severe ADL impairment.The results of binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that age,educational level,marital status,children's status,mental state and social participation ability,perception and communication ability were the influencing factors of ADL among the elderly in community(P<0.05).Conclusions The ADL impairment rate of the elderly in the community in Mianyang City is relatively high.Community medical staff should focus on the elderly.For those with low educational level,no spouse,children,impaired mental state and social participation ability and impaired perception and communication ability,the community medical staff give targeted interventions as soon as possible to improve the abilities of daily living of the elderly in the community.