基于DNA自组装级联反应的纳米开关的构建

Construction of Nanoswitches Based on DNA Self-assembly Cascade Reaction

DNA纳米技术是纳米科学领域的一门新兴学科,它是依据DNA的碱基互补配对原则通过自组装行为构建成为各种维度的空间结构,具有长远的开发应用价值。DNA折纸术是一种新型DNA自组装方法,它通过向一条长的DNA骨架链上加入一系列经过特殊设计的短的DNA片段(订书钉链),依据碱基互补原则,可以构建出各种各样的二维三维DNA纳米结构。以往的纳米开关研究已经实现了人体重要微量元素的灵敏检测,而DNA纳米开关由于其具有良好的生物相容性和无毒性,有望实现更为广泛和安全的生物医学应用。本论文的主要研究是通过在骨架链—噬菌体M13mp18单链DNA上加入特定的订书钉链进而构建出能够进行数据输入的纳米开关结构,并通过特定的数据链实现级联反应的数据处理功能,该级联反应结果最终通过凝胶电泳解读。我们展示了通过加入不同的数据链精确控制纳米开关形成的环状结构数目和纳米开关反应的位置。该纳米开关构建过程十分简单,只需要在室温下进行DNA链杂交反应,结果采用凝胶电泳即能展示。由于该纳米开关构造的简易性和安全性,该纳米开关结构在一方面有望实现生物医学的数据记忆和存储的功能,而在另一方面该结构在药物的靶向运输和治疗方面也有着巨大的潜在应用价值。

DNA nanotechnology is a new discipline in the field of nanoscience.It is based on the principle of DNA base complementary pairing,and constructs various dimensional spatial structures through self-assembly behavior,which has long-term development and application value.DNA self-assembly method in the past decade has developed a new self-assembly method called DNA origami.DNA origami can construct a variety of 2D and 3D nanostructures by adding a series of specially designed short DNA fragments(staples)to a long DNA scaffold chain.Previous studies on nanoswitches have achieved sensitive detection of important trace elements in human body,whereas DNA nanoswitches are expected to be widely and safely used in biomedicine due to their good biocompatibility and nontoxicity.The main research of this paper is to build a nanoswitch structure that can input data by adding a specific staple chain on the scaffold chain—Bacteriophage M13mp18 single-stranded DNA,and add a specific data strand to the nanoswitch to realize the data processing function of cascade reaction,and finally interpret the data results by gel electrophoresis.We demonstrate that the number of ring structures formed by nanoswitches and the position of nanoswitch reactions can be precisely controlled by adding different data strands.The construction process of the nanoswitch is very simple,with only DNA chain hybridization reaction at room temperature.On the one hand,the nanoswitch structure is expected to realize the function of biomedical data memory and storage,and on the other hand,it has great potential application value in drug targeted transportation and treatment.