中国水泥出口贸易的隐含环境影响核算

Embodied Environmental Impacts of Cement Export in China

本研究旨在核算中国水泥出口贸易的隐含环境影响,为国际贸易环境污染转移的评估提供更加贴近实际生产的研究思路,也为国家制定水泥出口贸易相关政策提供参考。采用线性回归法估算水泥出口省份的生产工艺结构,结合全生命周期方法评价分析不同水泥生产技术的环境影响,并基于以上信息核算中国水泥出口贸易的隐含环境负荷。研究结果显示,2005年—2014年间山东和江苏是中国水泥出口主要省份,各省水泥窑技术从立窑和其他回转窑逐渐向新型干法水泥窑工艺转变,也带来了显著的环境效益。水泥生产主要的环境影响包括化石能源消耗、气候变化、光化学臭氧形成、颗粒物形成、陆地酸化。本研究强调了工业产品在生产地的技术水平对产品出口贸易隐含环境影响的重要性,同时其也受到贸易政策、市场需求等因素的影响。

This study aims to quantify the embodied environmental impacts of China's cement export,which offers an approach that is closer to the actual production process to assess the environmental pollution transfer in international trade and provides information to support the relative policy of cement export trade.The linear regression model is used to estimate the industrial structure in cement export provinces,and the environmental burdens of different cement manufacturing technologies(CMT)are evaluated with the life cycle method.Based on the above information,the embodied environmental impacts of China's cement export could be calculated.Results show that from 2005 to 2014,Shandong and Jiangsu are the major provinces of cement export in China.And the CMT in each province has gradually changed from shaft kilns and other rotary kilns to new dry process rotary kilns,which leads to significant environmental benefits.The dominant environmental burdens of cement production are fossil depletion,climate change,photochemical ozone formation,particulate matter formation,and terrestrial acidification.This study highlights the importance of the technological level of export regions of industrial products in the embodied environmental impacts of export trade.Meanwhile,the international trade's embodied environmental impacts are also affected by trade policies,market demand,etc.