中小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎防控认知与行为调查

Investigation into cognition and behavior related to COVID-19 prevention and control among primary and middle school students

目的了解中小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控认知及行为的现况,为有针对性地开展防控工作提供参考依据。方法采取二阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取上海市虹口区7所学校四至十二年级的1946名中小学生进行问卷调查。结果被调查的中小学生中,COVID-19防控高认知率为66.8%,防控良好行为具备率为45.3%。小学生防控高认知率(81.0%)高于初中生(60.7%)、普通高中生(69.6%)和职业高中学生(51.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);父亲学历越高,学生COVID-19防控高认知率越高;男生防控良好行为具备率(48.6%)高于女生(41.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着学段上升,学生防控良好行为具备率升高,小学生(30.5%)<初中生(44.2%)<普通高中学生(50.1%)<职业高中学生(62.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:初中、普通高中、职业高中学生具备COVID-19防控高认知的可能性较低,父亲学历硕士及以上的学生具备防控高认知的可能性较高;女性、母亲学历为大专或本科的学生具备防控良好行为的可能性较低;与小学生相比,初中、普通高中、职业高中学生具备防控良好行为的可能性较高(均P<0.05)。结论COVID-19疫情发生后,政府及学校对学生的健康宣教取得了较好效果。上海市虹口区中小学生对COVID-19的总体认知较好,但在防护行为方式上还需进一步提高,需要对学生、家人、老师、同伴等进行有针对性的健康宣教。

Objective To understand the current status of cognition and behavior for COVID-19 prevention and control among primary and middle school students,and provide reference for prevention and control of COVID-19.Methods Using two-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1946 primary and middle school students from grade four to grade twelve in Hongkou District,Shanghai.Results The high awareness rate and the good behavior rate of COVID-19 prevention and control among primary and middle school students were 66.8%and 45.3%,respectively.The high awareness rate in pupils(81.0%)was significantly higher than that in junior school students(60.7%),senior high school students(69.6%),and vocational school students(51.7%,P<0.001).The students whose fathers were with higher educational background had higher awareness rate of COVID-19 prevention and control.The rate of good behavior in boys(48.6%)was significantly higher than that in girls(41.7%,P<0.001).The rates of good behavior increased significantly with the increase of learning stage,pupils(30.5%)<junior school students(44.2%)<senior high school students(50.1%)<vocational school students(62.8%,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students in junior high school,senior high school,and vocational high school were less likely to have higher COVID-19 awareness rates.Students whose fathers had a master’s degree or higher were more likely to have higher COVID-19 awareness rates.Girls and students whose mothers had a college degree or bachelor degree were less likely to have good behaviors for COVID-19 prevention and control.Compared with pupils,students in junior high school,senior high school,and vocational high school were more likely to have good behaviors in COVID-19 prevention and control(P<0.05).Conclusion After the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic,the government and schools have achieved good results in the health education to students.The students in Hongkou District,Shanghai have got a good overall cognition of COVID-19,but their protective behaviors need to be further improved.Targeted health education is needed for students,families,teachers and peers.