零动词存在构式的句法语义特征及认知阐释

Zero-verbal Existential Construction: Syntactic and Semantic Features and Cognitive Interpretation

零动词存在构式是汉语存在构式的一个特殊类别。文章基于零动词存在构式的空间性特征,通过NP和NP在空间位置上的语义关系对零动词汉语存在构式进行分类,并描写其句法语义特征。具体来说,零动词存在构式主要有部分占有型“NPNP”、全量型“NPNP”和周遍型“NPNP”三类。极度空间性是零动词存在构式最凸显的语义特征,它表现在构式成分编码的“存在”场景的空间性上。文章从认知语言学的角度对零动词存在构式所反映的认知意象进行了认知阐释,认为零动词存在构式符合认知经济原则,它是以抽象的“容器图式”为基本概念框架,通过数量结构的情境植入过程表示“存在”场景的一种构式。由于汉语看重空间性以及零动词存在构式的强空间性,我们很难在其他语言中找到表“存在”义的“NPNP”结构。

Zero-verbal Existential Construction is a special type of Chinese Existential Construction. This paper classifies Zero-verbal Existential Construction through the semantic relations between NPand NP in space and explores the syntactic and semantic features of Zero-verbal Existential Construction. Specifically, Zero-verbal Existential Construction is usually formed as ‘NPNP’ structure and it mainly includes three types: partially-occupied ‘NPNP,’ fully-quantitative ‘NPNP’ and all-around ‘NPNP.’ Extreme spatiality, which is reflected in the spatiality of the scene of ‘existence’ encoded by the constructional constituents of ‘NPNP’ structure, is the most prominent semantic feature of Zero-verbal Existential Construction. Within the framework of cognitive linguistics, this paper claims that Zero-verbal Existential Construction conforms to the principle of cognitive economy, and it is a construction based on ‘Container Schema’ and expressing the scene of ‘existence’ through the grounded quantitative structure. Due to the high degree of spatiality in Chinese and Zero-verbal Existential Construction, ‘NPNP’ structure expressing the scene of ‘existence’ is not allowed in many other languages.