御水护城:明清时期寿州城市水患及其社会应对

Protecting the City Against Floods:Floods in Shouzhou City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Social Response

明清时期,滨处淮河岸边的寿州城时常遭遇水患。“水决城”“雨水坏城”“大水薄城”“水灌城”是寿州城市水患的主要表现形式。频繁的水患使寿州城墙等物态承载体时遭损毁,人畜受到威胁,民众心理亦遭受巨大冲击,寿州城社会经济发展因之陷入困境。为应对城市水患,寿州官员秉持“以民为本”的理念,在灾前通过预修城墙和加强巡察进行预防,临灾时积极组织抢险御水、保护民众,并于灾后施行一系列蠲赈重建措施,有效减轻了洪水对寿州城的负面影响。寿州城的防洪经历,是淮河流域城市洪灾应对的一个历史缩影,对于今天沿淮城市抵御水患,有效做好灾前准备、灾时抢险救灾、灾后有序重建等工作具有重要启示意义。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the city of Shouzhou,located on the bank of the Huaihe River,suffered from frequent floods.“Floods breaking the city”,“Floods damaging the city”,“Floods approaching the city”and“Floods sweeping the city”are the main patterns of the disaster of floods in the city of Shouzhou.Frequent floods did tremendous harm to the city wall and other tangible objects of Shouzhou.The security of people and animals were threatened,and people were also greatly impacted mentally.Consequently the social and economic development of Shouzhou was in trouble.In order to cope with floods effectively,the officials in Shouzhou,who adhered to the principle of“man as the noumenon”,carried out prevention actions by repairing and inspecting the city wall before the disaster of floods;actively organized emergency rescue to protect the citizens in the city;and implemented a series of relief and reconstruction measures after the disaster.All of this reduced effectively the negative impact of floods on the city of Shouzhou.The flood control experience of Shouzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is a microcosm of fighting against floods by the cities located on the bank of the Huaihe River in traditional society.Today it is also a treasure for the cities along the Huaihe River,providing workable measures for floods prevention,rescue strategies in floods,and reconstruction schemes after the disaster.