典型住区形态下的风环境评估——以北京为例

Wind Environment Study with Typical Residential Block Form:A Case Study of Beijing

随着城市化进程加快,许多城市环境质量堪忧,风环境的改善可有效地促进空气污染物的扩散降减和抑制城市热岛效应的形成。文章通过城市住区形态参数化研究和CFD模拟来研究风环境和街区形态的耦合关系。选取了北京市10种典型的住区进行城市形态参数化归纳,通过数值模拟,对各组模型在均一化来风初始条件下的不同高度平面的平均风速、湍流强度、2m高度低风速区占比等风环境参数进行了统计分析,发现了一些影响近地面(<20m)风环境的重要的城市形态参数。论文有助于揭示街区形态对城市风环境的影响规律,提出的基于风环境的住区形态规划设计建议,有利于选择合适的街区形态以促进近地面高度的空气污染物降减,为未来城市住区营造良好通风环境提供规划建议和参考。

With the acceleration of urbanization,the environmental quality of many cities is worrying.The improvement of wind environment can effectively promote the diffusion of air pollutants and inhibit the formation of urban heat island effect.This paper intends to study the coupling relationship between wind environment and block shape through parametric study of urban residential morphology and CFD simulation method.Ten typical residential blocks in Beijing were selected for the parameterization of urban morphology.Numerical simulations were carried out by homogenizing the initial wind conditions.The average wind speed,turbulence intensity,the proportion of low wind speed area at 2 m height and other wind environment parameters of each model at different building heights are statistically analyzed.Some important urban morphology parameters that affect the near ground(<20 m)wind environment are found.The conclusion of this paper is helpful to reveal the influence of block shape on urban wind environment,the urban plan suggestions on block form is helpful to select the appropriate block shape to promote the reduction of air pollutants near the ground,and to provide planning suggestions and reference for creating a good ventilation environment in urban residential areas in the future.