基于3D扫描技术的城市地面塌陷识别与监测

Recognition&Monitoring of Urban Ground Subsidence Based on 3D Scanning Technology

近年来城市地面塌陷案例持续高发,已逐渐成为一个新的防灾重点,使城市精细化治理和“韧性城市”建设面临新挑战。3D激光扫描具有精度高、速度快、逼近原形的技术优势,通过采用“全景”作业方式,可以快速获取地面塌陷隐患表面矢量化数据,排查、识别潜在地面塌陷隐患体。“框选”监测作业借助2D等值线图和3D曲面图数据成果分析,直观清晰展现隐患分布及变形态势,从“面”上快速普查实现塌陷隐患的早期识别,从“点”上隐患区周期性形变监测,研判地面塌陷成因、发展趋势,达到塌陷隐患早预报、早防控、早处置的效果。相关研究成果为城市地面塌陷隐患监测提供新思路,有助于实现城市塌陷防控管理精细化、智能化、科学化。

In recent years,urban ground collapse cases continue to occur frequently,and have gradually become a new focus of disaster prevention,which makes urban fine governance&Resilient City construction face new challenges.3D laser scanning has the technical advantages of high precision,fast speed&approaching the original shape.By adopting the panoramicoperation mode,the surface vectorization data of potential ground collapse hazards can be quickly obtained,and the potential ground collapse hazards can be screened&identified.The frame selection monitoring operation is based on the analysis of 2D isoline map and 3D surface map data to intuitively&clearly show the distribution&deformation situation of hidden dangers.The early identification of collapse hidden dangers is realized through the rapid general survey from the plane.The causes&development trends of ground collapse are studied&judged through the periodic deformation monitoring of hidden danger areas from the point,so as to achieve the effect of early prediction,early prevention&treatment of collapse hidden dangers.The relevant research results provide a new idea for the monitoring of urban ground collapse hazards,and help to realize the refinement,intelligence&scientific management of urban collapse prevention&control.