创新型企业城市内部空间分布及组织逻辑——以南京市为例

Spatial Distribution and Organizational Logic of Innovative Enterprises in Cities:Take Nanjing City for an Example

创新型企业是创新型经济的核心主体和创新要素的集聚载体。文章以南京市为例,获取14521条创新型企业POI,综合运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆、Moran's I指数(双变量)、DBSCAN聚类等多种空间研究方法分析了创新型企业在城市内部的空间特征,并与普通企业进行对比。结果表明:创新型企业在圈层分异、多心集聚、轴向延展等方面呈现出与普通企业不同的特征;在规模上发生“大中企业在产业载体高度集聚,小微企业在中心城区广泛分布”的错位格局;不同创新产业类型企业形成“专业化产业”全域园区集聚、“多样化产业”城区扩散集聚、“知识密集专业化产业”城区园区集聚三种组织模式;创新型企业在城市内部空间分布的本质是企业外部空间组织、企业内部需求决策、制度力量介入影响的复杂叠合过程。

Innovative enterprises are the core subject of innovative economy and the agglomeration carrier of innovative elements.Taking Nanjing City as an example,this study obtains the POI data of 14521 innovative enterprises,and comprehensively uses various spatial research methods such as kernel density analysis,standard deviation ellipse,Moran's I index(bivariate)and DBSCAN clustering to analyze the spatial characteristics of innovative enterprises in the city,and compares them with ordinary enterprises.The results show that innovative enterprises show different characteristics from ordinary enterprises from the perspectives of circle differentiation,multi-center agglomeration and axial extension.In terms of scale,there is a dislocation pattern,which the industrial carriers of large and medium-sized enterprises show higher aggregated distribution and small-micro enterprises distribute in urban areas.Enterprises of innovative industries form three organizational modes:the park agglomeration of specialized industries,the urban diffusion agglomeration of diversified industries and the urban park agglomeration of knowledge intensive specialized industries.The essence of the spatial distribution of innovative enterprises in the city is a complex superposition process of the external spatial organization of enterprises,the internal demand decision-making of enterprises and the intervention of institutional forces.