重庆市乡村空间商品化格局特征、驱动机制及发展模式

The Pattern Characteristics,Driving Mechanism and Development Model of Rural Spatial Commodification in Chongqing

乡村空间商品化是乡村空间转型与重构的重要方式之一,对于实现乡村振兴和农业农村现代化具有重要意义。文章采用POI等多源数据,综合运用核密度估计法、Moran's I指数分析重庆市乡村空间商品化格局及空间集聚特征。研究表明:①重庆市乡村空间商品化主要包括地理标志农产品、乡村民宿、农家乐、乡村电商及地票等5种类型,在主城都市区外围形成1个高密度半环、渝东北三峡库区城镇群形成1个以云阳、巫溪、巫山及奉节为主的次高密度环状区域,渝东南武陵山区城镇群以武隆和石柱为中心形成2个高密度区域。②从全局空间关联上看,重庆市乡村空间商品化具有正向空间自相关性,均存在明显的空间异质性特征;从局部空间关联上看,重庆市乡村空间商品化正相关集聚效应显著,高—高集聚区县分布在渝东北三峡库区城镇群,低—低集聚分布于主城都市区北部,高—低集聚位于铜梁。③重庆市乡村空间商品化的发展在乡村内生发展需求及外部环境刺激下,进行乡村物质空间和非物质空间的生产,在“消费乡村”的推动和不同自然、社会经济条件影响下形成了不同的乡村空间商品化集聚形态。文章提出未来重庆市乡村空间商品化发展模式主要有“互联网+农产品”“民宿/农家乐+乡村旅游”“土地要素市场化+乡村产业”田园综合体模式及其空间指引方案。

The commodification of rural space is one of the important ways of rural space transformation and reconstruction and has important significance for the realization of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization.Based on POI and other multi-source data,this paper comprehensively uses the kernel density estimation method and Moran's I index to analyze the pattern and spatial agglomeration characteristics of rural spatial commercialization in Chongqing and puts forward the future development model.The key findings are as follows:Firstly,the commodification of rural space in Chongqing mainly includes five types:agricultural product of geographical indication,rural B&B,agritainment,rural e-commerce and land tickets.A high-density semi ring is formed in the periphery of the main urban area,a secondary high-density ring with Yunyang,Wuxi,Wushan and Fengjie as the main areas is formed in the urban agglomeration of the Three Gorges reservoir area in northeastern Chongqing,and two high-density areas with Wulong and Shizhu as the centers are formed in the urban agglomeration of Wuling Mountain area in southeastern Chongqing.Secondly,from the perspective of global spatial correlation,rural spatial commodification in Chongqing has positive spatial autocorrelation.Among them,the spatial autocorrelation index of agricultural product of geographical indication is the lowest,the spatial distribution uniformity is strong,the spatial autocorrelation of land tickets is the highest,and the spatial autocorrelation indexes of rural B&B,agritainment and rural e-commerce have little difference,but there are obvious characteristics of spatial heterogeneity.From the perspective of local spatial correlation,the positive correlation agglomeration effect of rural spatial commodification in Chongqing is significant,H-H agglomeration districts and counties are distributed in the urban agglomeration of the Three Gorges reservoir area in northeastern Chongqing,L-L agglomeration is distributed in the north of the main urban area,and H-L agglomeration is distributed in Tongliang.Thirdly,the development of rural space commodification in Chongqing produces rural material space and non-material space under the stimulation of rural endogenous development demand and external environment.Under the promotion of"consumption village"and the influence of different natural and socio-economic conditions,different agglomeration form of rural space commodification has been formed.Finally,it is proposed that the future development models of rural space commodification in Chongqing,mainly include the"Internet+agricultural products"model,the"B&B/agritainment+rural tourism"model,the"land element marketization+rural industry"model,rural complex mode,and their spatial guidelines.