中国基础研究与应用研究政策的演进(1949—1978年)

The Evolution of Basic and Applied Research Policy of China(1949-1978)

1949—1978年,中国基础研究与应用研究政策的演进经历了三个历史阶段:一是基础理论研究政策的制定与实施阶段,党和国家领导人及中国科学家从理论研究与技术应用的联系出发,阐释理论研究的重要性,理论结合实际被确定为科学技术工作的指导原则。在《十二年科学规划》的编制过程中,“任务带学科”原则被确立下来。二是基础研究与应用研究政策的调整阶段,中共中央对相关政策进行调整,下发了“科研十四条”,中国科学院随之制定了“三十六条”,提出“应用基础研究”的概念,并明确了各类研究比例。三是基础理论研究政策发展的新阶段,党和国家领导人接受科学家的建议,面向世界科学技术发展先进水平,对基础理论研究工作进行了新的部署。1949—1978年,中国基础理论研究工作的目标由服务于技术应用的短期目标,过渡到面向世界先进水平的长期目标。中国科学家积极参与各个阶段科技政策的制定与执行,在中国基础研究与应用研究政策的演进中发挥了重要作用。

From 1949 to 1978, the evolution of policies related to basic research and applied research in New China experienced three historical stages. The first stage, the formulation and implementation of policies for basic theoretical research in New China, starting from the connection between theoretical research and technology application, explained the importance of theoretical research, and the combination of theory and practice was determined as the guiding principle of scientific and technological work. During the formulation of the “Twelve-Year Scientific Plan”, the principle of “tasks with disciplines” was established. The second was the adjustment stage of basic research and applied research policies. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adjusted relevant policies and issued the “Fourteen Articles of Science”. The Chinese Academy of Sciences subsequently formulated the “Thirty-six Articles”, proposing “applied basic research” concept, and clarified the proportion of various types of research. The third was a new stage in the development of basic theoretical research policies in New China. The Party and state leaders have accepted the suggestions of scientists and made new arrangements for basic theoretical research in line with the advanced level of world science and technology development. From 1949 to 1978, the goal of China’s basic theoretical research was changed from the short-term goal of serving technology applications to the long-term goal of facing the world’s advanced level. Chinese scientists participated in the formulation and implementation of New China’s science and technology policies at various stages, and played an important role in the evolution of new China’s basic and applied research policies.