“双碳”目标下渣油馏分的使用方向及主流技术路线

The application direction and mainstream processing technology route of residue distillates under China’s “dual carbon” goal

“双碳”目标下,中国能源消费结构将发生巨大变化,原油消费量可能在成品油消费量达峰后下降,成品油生产原料将发生变化,碳排放市场化影响炼油企业的生产成本。分析渣油馏分加工过程中,延迟焦化、渣油加氢及后续深加工、沥青生产、低硫直馏渣油生产船舶燃料油等的碳排放量,探讨未来渣油馏分的使用方向:充分利用已成熟的应用渠道、取代作为燃料功能的煤炭、开展渣油馏分新用途的科技研究。未来炼厂渣油馏分加工的主流技术路线应以抑制深度转化为主,并根据其重碳特点最大限度地生产重碳产品,具体包括:优先生产沥青;生产低硫船舶燃料油;渣油加氢重油再分离,各尽其用;重油催化向蜡油催化、柴油催化转型;用作焦化原料,生产优质焦。

Under the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,China’s energy consumption structure will undergo great changes.The crude oil consumption may decline after the peak of refined oil consumption,the raw materials for refined oil production will change,and the marketization of carbon emissions will affect the production cost of refineries.The paper analyzes carbon emissions of delayed coking technology,residue hydrogenation technology and its follow-up process,asphalt production,low sulfur direct distillation residue production of marine fuel oil in the process of residue distillates,and discusses the future application direction of residue distillates,which makes full use of mature application channels,replaces coal as fuel,and carries out scientific and technological research on new uses of residue distillates.In the future,the mainstream technical route of residue distillation processing should be focused on inhibiting deep conversion and maximizing producing heavy carbon products according to its heavy carbon characteristics,including the priority of asphalt production,the production of low sulfur marine fuel oil,residue hydrogenation and heavy oil separation,the transformation from heavy oil catalytic technology to wax oil and diesel catalytic technology,and production of high quality coke used as raw materials for coking.