中国经济高质量发展的空间关联网络及其作用机制

The spatial correlation network and formation mechanism of China’s high-quality economic development

高质量发展是中国“十四五”乃至更长时期经济社会发展的主题,也是适应社会主要矛盾变化的基本要求,更是建设社会主义现代化国家的关键路径和遵循经济实践规律的根本所在。本文从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度构建经济高质量发展的评价指标体系,测度了2011—2018年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的经济高质量发展水平,在此基础上运用社会网络分析(SNA)和二次指派程序(QAP)分别对经济高质量发展的关联网络结构特征和经济高质量发展差异的作用机制进行分析。研究发现:(1)空间关联网络的关联度一直为1,且网络密度稳定在0.2~0.26之间,省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络通达性较强且存在多重叠加现象和一定的等级性,但关联紧密程度有待提高,各网络指标保持相对稳定。(2)省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络可以分为4个板块,其中以西部省份为主的“净溢出”板块获益最小;以中部省份为主的“经纪人”板块起着“中介”和“桥梁”的作用;以环渤海省份为主的“双向溢出”板块和以长三角、东南沿海省份为主的“净受益”板块在空间关联网络中的掌控和支配作用更大,且在全国经济高质量发展过程中所起的极化作用大于涓滴作用。(3)人力资本、城市化水平、金融科技和环境质量的地区差异都会直接造成地区间经济高质量发展水平的差异,人力资本差异对其贡献超过了90%。

High-quality development is the main focus of China’s economic and social development in the 14th Five-year Plan(2021-2025) and even in a longer period. It is also the basic requirement to adapt to the changes of the main social contradictions and the key path to build a modern socialist country and the fundamental place to follow the law of economic practice. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of high-quality economic development from five dimensions of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing,and measures the high-quality economic development level of China’s provincial-level regions from 2011 to 2018. On this basis, social network analysis(SNA) and quadratic assignment procedure(QAP) are used to analyze the structural characteristics of the associated network of high-quality economic development and the mechanism of the difference of high-quality economic development. The results show that:(1) The correlation degree of spatial correlation network has always been 1, and the network density is stable, between 0.2 and 0.26. The spatial correlation network with high-quality development of inter-provincial economy has strong accessibility, multi-overlap and certain hierarchy, but the correlation tightness needs to be improved, and the network indicators remain relatively stable.(2) The spatial association network of inter-provincial high-quality development can be divided into four sections, among which the "net spillover" section with western provinces as the main section benefits the least;The "agent" plate, which is dominated by the central provinces, plays the role of "intermediary" and "bridge";The "bidirectional spillover" plate dominated by provinces in the Bohai Rim and the "net beneficial" plate dominated by provinces in the Yangtze River Delta and southeast coastal areas play a greater role in controlling and dominating the spatial association network,and exert a greater effect in polarization rather than trickle down in the process of high-quality development of national economy.(3) The regional differences of human capital, urbanization level, financial technology and environmental quality will directly lead to the differences of high-quality economic development level between regions, among which, the difference of human capital contributes more than 90%.